RIO DE JANEIRO -- Judo is a Japanese martial art that was developed in the 19th century based on principles of self-defense. Its creator, Jigoro Kano, combined elements of jiu jitsu, wrestling and karate with other styles of fighting.The combat sport typically uses the opponents force against him, forbids striking and is not intended to do serious damage to rivals; even the sports most violent holds give competitors the chance to tap out.According to the International Judo Federation, the sports governing body, etiquette is essential for any judo player, or judoka. That etiquette appeared to be torn to shreds on Friday when Middle Eastern politics spilled onto the judo mat.Islam El Shehaby of Egypt refused to shake hands with his winning opponent, Or Sasson of Israel. The Egyptian lay flat on his back for a moment before rising and standing opposite Sasson in front of the referee. When Sasson extended his hand, El Shehaby backed away, shaking his head.The referee called El Shehaby back to the mat and obliged to him to bow; El Shehaby gave a quick nod, and he was loudly booed as he exited.Here are four basic tenets and rituals of judo.THE BOWJudo practitioners bow to each other before and after a fight as a sign of courtesy. When judo players first start training, they are typically taught to bow upon leaving and entering the dojo and to any instructors. During a match, bowing to the opponent signifies the courtesy to each other as opponents and a recognition that the bout must be fought with fairness and good sportsmanship.RESPECTJudo players are supposed to respect all of their rivals and treat them with the utmost respect. Knowing that the techniques they have mastered may do serious harm to others, judo players are supposed to fight with honor and with an understanding that such maneuvers should only be used under controlled conditions. According to the IJF, judo students learn much of the social etiquette necessary to become solid citizens of the world.MODESTYJudoka are taught to be modest; any boastful or bullying behavior is not tolerated. Judo players are expected to have respect for their opponents after a match has ended and are to avoid any arrogant display that may offend others. Judo fighters are to remain modest no matter who has won the match. Victors are expected to keep their celebrations humble and losers are expected to behave with dignity.PERSEVERANCEJudo players are instructed not to give up and to keep training continually to improve their mental and physical performance, especially after they have suffered a defeat. Even after a difficult loss, judo players are supposed to maintain their composure and uphold the martial arts tenet of perseverance. They should not be overwhelmed by a defeat and should always act courageously. Nike Air Force 1 Schweiz Online . "It doesnt get any better than that," Giambi said. "Im speechless." The Indians are roaring toward October. Giambi belted a two-run, pinch-hit homer with two outs in the ninth inning to give Cleveland a shocking 5-4 win over the Chicago White Sox on Tuesday night, keeping the Indians up with the lead pack in the AL wild-card race. Nike Air Force 1 Schweiz Schuhe . On June 12, just as the sun sets on the magnificent historical city of Sao Paulo the inventors, innovators and purveyors of “joga bonitowill” open their campaign. The opponent, Croatia and all its football might and will. As opposites do attract we are set for a corker of an opener. http://www.nikeairfoce1schweiz.ch/ . After a replay, the winner will meet Sunderland in the quarterfinals. Sagbo did well to control Sone Alukos right cross and fire past Brighton goalkeeper Peter Brezovan. Aluko was making his first start in four months after recovering from an Achilles injury. Nike Air Force 1 Schweiz Outlet . The Dane followed up his first European Tour title last weekend with eight birdies and just a single dropped shot on Thursday for a one-stroke advantage over South Africas Allan Versfeld and Portugals Ricardo Santos. Nike Air Force 1 Günstig . Speaking Thursday on TSN 1050 Thursday, the Leafs GM also touched on the questions surrounding the teams leadership and the struggles of his big-name free-agent signing. “Its not from lack of effort from the coaching staff. NEW YORK -- Liberty guard Brittany Boyd sat on the bench with her head bowed in prayer during the national anthem before a WNBA playoff game.Hours earlier, college football players for Michigan and Michigan State, along with a group of students at North Carolina, raised their fists during the playing of the Star Spangled Banner on Saturday.Since 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick refused to stand for the anthem before NFL preseason games, citing racial injustice and police brutality, his movement has slowly spread across fields and courts in the U.S. On Saturday, college and professional athletes joined together to follow his lead after a week punctuated by riots in Charlotte, North Carolina , and the killing of an unarmed black man in Tulsa, Oklahoma .This wasnt the first time Boyd sat during the anthem. She said she also did it at the last few games.I dont want to stand up. I choose not to stand up and I sit down and pray, the second-year guard said. Colin and his message about social injustice going on in this country today is something I believe needs change.The Berkeley, California, native had a Kaepernick jersey hanging in her locker and wore it to the arena Saturday night.Her New York teammates stood, arms locked with their heads bowed before their WNBA playoff game with Phoenix. Mercury players Mistie Bass and Kelsey Bone kneeled, just as they had done during their first-round playoff game. Bass was inspired that younger athletes were joining an effort that until this weekend had been mostly led by the pros.I think it shows that the younger generations are about this and they did it together, she said. They are understanding what is going on in our society. Its perfect because they are so caught up in their phones. To see them standing up for social injustices and wanting things to be right in their communities I think is awesome.Three Michigan State players -- Delton Williams, Kenney Lyke and Gabe Sherrod -- held their right fists in the air while standing on the sideline before the No. 8 Spartans hosted No. 11 Wisconsin.Whether somebody salutes, puts the hand over their heart or does something else, everybody has a choice to make, Michigan State coach Mark Dantonio added after the Spartans 30-6 loss. Our young people are in college, and I can promise you one thing, that when the flag is presented in some respect, I guess it becomes much more important now. Its not just, oh by the way, well just stand for `The Star-Spangled Banner.All I can do is try and lead the best way I can, and be positive and accepting to our football team and our players, the coach added.Several players for No. 4 Michigan also had their fists up before facing Penn State in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Among themm were Khalid Hill, Mike McCray, Devin Bush, Elysee Mbem-Bosse and Jourdan Lewis.ddddddddddddMost college conferences play the anthem before the teams take the field. The Big Ten is among the exceptions.The University of Michigan is 6 miles from Eastern Michigan University, where chanting students marched on the field Friday night after the schools 27-24 victory over Wyoming. The students were protesting racist graffiti on the campus earlier in the week.We have great respect for our students engaged in the constructive efforts underway to address the issues we face, Eastern Michigan President James Smith said in a statement.Before North Carolina hosted Pittsburgh, students wearing black shirts remained seated with fists raised. Roughly 100 black and white students wearing the shirts participated, as well as at least two UNC band members who took a knee, one while raising a fist. Chapel Hill is about 140 miles northeast of Charlotte.Nebraska players Michael Rose-Ivey, Daishon Neal and Mohamed Barry also kneeled before the No. 20 Cornhuskers game at Northwestern.Not everyone has supported the protests. The 49ers quarterback and some of the other athletes have gotten some backlash from fans and Kaepernick said he even got some death threats .Michigan coach Jim Harbaugh was Kaepernicks coach for four seasons in San Francisco. Last month, Harbaugh said he supported Kaepernicks motivation to speak out but took exception to his method.After Saturdays game, Harbaugh said he had been thinking a lot about the issue the past couple of weeks and that he supports his players.This is something thats not going away. Its going to keep happening, Harbaugh said after the Wolverines 49-10 victory. Its not something thats going to keep them out of heaven. So Im not going to worry about it. As long as it doesnt keep them out of heaven for supporting their minds, I support it.Kaepernick was at a high school football game on Friday night. He spoke to players from Castlemont High School and joined them on the sideline before the game. A photo by former NFL linebacker Kirk Morrison on Twitter shows Kaepernick kneeling while the rest of the team laid on their backs with their hands up during the anthem.Saturdays gestures came a day after it was announced that Tommie Smith and John Carlos will join the U.S. Olympic team at the White House for a meeting with President Barack Obama. The raised-fist salutes by the American sprinters on the medal stand at the 1968 Olympics became a political flash point.---AP Sports Writers Joe Reedy, Noah Trister and Aaron Beard contributed to this story. ' ' '